A groundbreaking international study has revealed that a carefully designed exercise program can significantly lower the risk of cancer returning and reduce mortality rates in patients, outperforming many pharmaceutical treatments currently in use. This discovery could reshape global cancer care practices, emphasizing physical activity as a cornerstone of post-treatment recovery and long-term health.
The Evolution of Cancer Care: From Lifestyle Advice to Evidence-Based Exercise
For decades, medical professionals have encouraged patients to adopt healthier lifestyles to prevent cancer. Yet, until recently, the role of exercise after a cancer diagnosis remained unclear, with limited scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness in improving survival or preventing recurrence. This gap left many patients and doctors uncertain about how to incorporate physical activity into recovery plans.
Now, a pioneering clinical trial involving 889 colon cancer patients from six countries—including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, France, Canada, and Israel—has provided robust evidence that a structured exercise regimen, guided by professionals, can dramatically improve outcomes after cancer treatment.
These findings were presented at the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting in Chicago, the largest global gathering of cancer specialists, and published in the New England Journal of Medicine, one of the most respected medical journals.
Unveiling the Power of Exercise: Key Results from the Study
The trial focused on patients primarily diagnosed with stage three colon cancer, a group at high risk for recurrence. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups:
- Exercise Group: 445 patients engaged in a structured physical activity program, receiving coaching and supervision from personal trainers or health coaches. Initially, they met twice monthly, tapering to monthly sessions over three years. Their weekly activity goal was equivalent to three to four walks lasting 45 to 60 minutes, but they could choose activities they enjoyed, such as kayaking or skiing.
- Control Group: 444 patients received only a healthy lifestyle booklet with general advice but no personalized exercise support.
After five years, those in the exercise group experienced a 28% lower risk of cancer recurrence or new cancer development compared to the control group. After eight years, mortality risk was 37% lower in the exercise group. These reductions are comparable to, or better than, the benefits offered by many cancer drugs currently prescribed, which often come with significant side effects and high costs.
Read more: Woman Cuts Out Ultra-Processed Food For A Week, And Is Shocked At What Happened To Her Body
Expert Insights: Exercise as a ‘Better Than Drug’ Intervention
Dr. Julie Gralow, ASCO’s chief medical officer and a leading oncologist, praised the study’s quality and impact. “This is the highest level of evidence we have seen linking exercise to improved cancer outcomes,” she said. “The benefits are so significant that I would call exercise ‘better than a drug’—it’s effective, safe, and free of harmful side effects.”
She highlighted that many drugs receive approval with less pronounced benefits than those demonstrated by exercise in this study. “Exercise not only lowers the risk of cancer returning and death but also improves overall wellbeing, mood, and physical function,” Dr. Gralow added.
How the Study Was Conducted: Methodology and Patient Experience
The trial spanned 14 years, from 2009 to 2023, enrolling patients shortly after they completed surgery and chemotherapy. Most participants had stage three colon cancer, with a smaller proportion diagnosed at high-risk stage two.
Patients in the exercise group received personalized coaching tailored to their fitness levels and preferences. The program emphasized gradual progression, aiming to make physical activity enjoyable and sustainable. Trainers helped patients set realistic goals, monitor progress, and overcome barriers such as fatigue or treatment side effects.
Activities varied widely. While walking was the most common, some patients chose swimming, cycling, hiking, or even winter sports like skiing. This flexibility was key to maintaining motivation and adherence over the years.
In contrast, the control group received written advice on healthy habits but no structured support or follow-up.
Understanding the Biological Impact of Exercise on Cancer
Scientists believe exercise influences cancer outcomes through several interconnected biological pathways:
- Immune System Enhancement: Physical activity boosts immune surveillance, helping the body detect and destroy cancer cells more effectively.
- Inflammation Reduction: Chronic inflammation is linked to cancer progression. Exercise reduces inflammatory markers, creating a less favorable environment for tumor growth.
- Hormonal Regulation: Exercise helps regulate hormones such as insulin and estrogen, which can influence cancer development and recurrence.
- Improved Metabolism and Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight through activity reduces risk factors associated with cancer recurrence.
- Enhanced Cardiovascular and Musculoskeletal Health: Stronger heart and muscle function improve overall resilience, enabling patients to better tolerate treatments and recover faster.
Dr. Christopher Booth, lead author and oncologist at Queen’s University in Canada, explained, “Exercise acts on multiple fronts, not just one target like a drug. It’s a holistic intervention that strengthens the body’s natural defenses against cancer.”
Read more: Cardiologist Says That Adding 1 Exercise To His Routine Made Him Fitter Than Ever At 70
Broader Implications: Changing the Landscape of Cancer Recovery
The study’s results have far-reaching implications beyond colon cancer. While this trial focused on a specific cancer type, experts believe similar benefits could apply to other common cancers such as breast, prostate, and lung cancer.
Dr. Gralow noted, “There’s no biological reason to think exercise wouldn’t help patients with other cancers. We’re already seeing promising data in breast and prostate cancer survivors.”
Professor Charles Swanton, Chief Clinician at Cancer Research UK, which funded the UK portion of the study, emphasized the transformative potential of exercise. “Physical activity can be a game changer, shifting the trajectory of recovery and survival for many patients,” he said. “Oncologists should seriously consider recommending structured exercise programs as part of standard post-treatment care.”
Patient Stories: Real-Life Impact of Exercise
For many patients, the exercise program was more than just a medical intervention—it was a lifeline.
Sarah, a 52-year-old colon cancer survivor from Australia, shared her experience: “After treatment, I felt exhausted and scared. The personalized exercise plan gave me a goal and a sense of control. Walking with my trainer became the highlight of my week. Knowing it could help keep the cancer away made every step meaningful.”
John, a 60-year-old from Canada, chose kayaking as his preferred activity. “I never thought I’d be able to do something so active after chemotherapy. But with support, I built up strength and stamina. It wasn’t just about exercise—it was about reclaiming my life.”
Cautions and Recommendations
While the benefits of exercise are clear, experts caution that it may not be suitable for every patient, especially those with certain medical conditions or severe treatment side effects.
Professor Swanton advised, “Patients should always consult their healthcare team before starting any new physical activity. Exercise programs should be tailored to individual needs and capabilities.”
Additionally, access to trained professionals and resources can be a barrier in some regions, highlighting the need for healthcare systems to invest in supportive infrastructure.
Official Endorsements and Future Directions
Professor Sir Stephen Powis, National Medical Director of NHS England, called the findings “really exciting” and emphasized the importance of integrating exercise into cancer care pathways.
“Physical activity supports healthy weight, strengthens immunity, reduces inflammation, and lifts mood,” he said. “This study confirms that exercise can be a powerful tool to help more people survive cancer and enjoy better quality of life.”
Looking ahead, researchers plan to investigate exercise’s effects on other cancer types and explore optimal program designs. There is also interest in digital and remote coaching solutions to expand access.
Read more: The Effects Of Qutting Drinking Alcohol That No One Tells You About
Final Thoughts: Embracing Exercise as a Vital Cancer Recovery Strategy
This landmark study signals a new era in cancer care, where exercise is recognized not merely as a lifestyle choice but as a scientifically validated intervention with life-saving potential.
For patients, the message is clear: staying active after treatment can profoundly influence outcomes, reduce the risk of cancer returning, and extend survival.
For healthcare providers, the challenge and opportunity lie in making structured exercise programs widely available, personalized, and integrated into routine cancer care.
By embracing this approach, the medical community can empower millions of survivors worldwide to take an active role in their recovery and long-term health.
